fuel, gas, coal, carbon neutrality, environment, climate

A part of this report was introduced in the March 2022 issue of our periodical, “Yano E plus.”

–– Replacing Coal and Natural Gas with Carbon-Free Ammonia Will Lead to Significant Reduction in Carbon Dioxide Emissions –

1. Fuel Ammonia, the Important Clue to Global Warming Solution

1-1. The Fuel Ammonia Market Transforming Into a Huge Market of 30 Million Tons/Year

1-2. Will Ammonia be the Important Clue to Decarbonization?

1-3. Electric Power Companies Making Efforts

1-4. Building a Supply Chain that Enables Sourcing from Overseas

2. Fields of Application

2-1. Power Generation

2-2. Jet Engine Fuel

2-3. Marine Diesel Engine Fuel

2-4. Automotive Engine Fuel

3. Fuel Ammonia as a National Project

3-1. Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

1) Building of Fuel Ammonia Supply Chain: Objectives

2) Building of Fuel Ammonia Supply Chain: Goal

i. Establishment of Technology Necessary to Reduce the Cost of Ammonia Supply

ii. Ammonia High Co-combustion and Mono-combustion for the Use in Power Generation

3) Building of Fuel Ammonia Supply Chain: Directions of Research and Development and Social Implementation

i. Reduction of the Cost of Ammonia Supply

ii. Ammonia High Co-combustion and Mono-combustion for the Use in Power Generation

4) Building of Fuel Ammonia Supply Chain: Time Schedule

i. Establishment of Technology Necessary to Reduce the Cost of Ammonia Supply

ii. Ammonia High Co-combustion and Mono-combustion for the Use in Power Generation

3-2. New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)

1) Schedule for Ammonia Co-combustion and Mono-combustion Project by NEDO (Environment Department)

2) Specific Themes and Research and Development Results or Plans

i. Coal-fired Power: Research and Development (Results) of Ammonia Co-combustion Technology Compatible with Multi-Burner System in Pulverized Coal-fired Boilers

ii. Coal-fired Power: Demonstration Study of 20% Ammonia Co-combustion in 1 million kW-Class Coal-fired Power

iii. Coal-fired Power: Research and Development to Expand the Use of CO2-free Ammonia Fuel in Thermal Power Plants

iv. Gas Turbine: Liquid Ammonia Direct Spray Gas Turbine System

v. Coal-fired Power/Gas Turbine: Ammonia High Co-combustion and Mono-combustion for the Use in Power Generation (Open Call)

4. Market Size

5. Challenges, Efforts, Research and Development by Companies and Research Institutes

5-1. National Institute of Marine, Port and Aviation Technology

1) Challenges in Utilization of Ammonia Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines

2) Effects of Ammonia on Combustion of Diesel Fuel

3) Effects of Ammonia Co-combustion on Thermal Efficiency, Exhaust Gas Components, etc.

4) Effects of Two-Stage Injection of Diesel Fuel on Reduction of Ammonia and N2O

5) Summary

5-2. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

1) Development of Ammonia Direct Combustion Gas Turbine

i. Positioning as SIP

ii. Development of Ammonia Direct Combustion Gas Turbine

iii. Development of Low NOx Combustion Technology by Rich-Lean Combustion Method

iv. Other Approaches

2) Development of Ammonia Combustion Catalysts

i. Characteristics of Ammonia as Fuel

ii. Catalytic Combustion Method

5-3. Chiyoda Corporation

1) Basic Stance on Fuel Ammonia

2) Challenges to be Addressed

i. The Side of Overseas Ammonia Production (Scaling up of Production Plants)

ii. The Side of Domestic Receiving Terminal

ii. Response to CCUS

3) Measures for 2030 and Beyond

i. Development of New Ammonia Synthesis Process

ii. Response to Green Ammonia

5-4. JGC HOLDINGS CORPORATION

1) JGC’s Basic Stance on Hydrogen and Ammonia

2) Approaches to Green Hydrogen / Ammonia

3) World’s First Successful Ammonia Synthesis and Power Generation Using Hydrogen Derived from Renewable Energy

4) Launch of Green Chemical Plant Demonstration Project Utilizing Large-Scale Hydrogen Production System

5) Launch of World’s First Transportation of Blue Ammonia

5-5. MITSUI & CO., LTD.

1) Mitsui’s Ammonia Business

2) Mitsui's Areas of Approaches and Roles in the Clean Fuel Ammonia Supply Chain

3) Clean Fuel Ammonia Production Projects that Mitsui is Working on

6. Potential of Ammonia in Achieving Carbon Neutrality